Inside cylinder-covering for reducing steam consumption



. V. N. STANKOFF. INSIDE CYLINDER COVERING FOR REDUCING STEAM CONSUMPTION. APPLICATION FILED APR-16, 1919.

1,360,043. Patnted Nov. 23,1920.

l T all whom it may concern:

Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

vsEvoLonN. sra vnorr, or new YORK, n. Y.

INSIDE cynmnnn-covnnme FOR REDUCING STEAM eonsmvrr'rron.

Be it known that I, VSEVOLOD N. STANKOFF, a citizen of Russia, residing at New York, county of New York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Inside Cylinder-Coverings for Reducing Steam Consumption, of which the following is a specification.

y This invention relates to improvements in engine cylinder construction, and has as its principal object the provision of means for protecting the interior surface of cylinder heads and piston by a non-conducting coveringadapted to minimize and lessen .the

condensation of steam in a tical manner.

novel and prac- VVhen live steam is admitted into a cylinder of a steam engine, on coming in contact with cooled surface of so called clearance space, 1t loses some of its temperature and forms on the said surface a thin layer of water. The temperature of the metal at the surface of clearance space which comes in contact with the live steam rises so rapidly thatin a short time it becomes almost equal to that of the steam. The layers of metal and under fixed working conditions of steam below the surface also gain in temperature butto a. lesser degree and at lower rate than those at the surface. This gain in temperature becomes smaller and smaller as the depth increases until'a layer is reached at which no change in temperature takes place engine and surroundings its temperature always remains constant. i

During expansion and exhaust of steam,

-. at a moment when itstemperaturejbecomes lower than that of the metal near the surface of'the clearance space andof the thin layer of water on the surface thereof, rea 1 evaporation 'takesplace, i. 6. particles of 1 water once more are converted into steam.

The heat required for the reevaporation is absorbed from the layers of metal near the surface heated during. the admission of steam. and which in consequence. become ance space occurs during expansion and exhaust of steamexactly in the sameway as that of gain in temperature during. admis- 1 surface lose most while deeper is well known that the heat of the steam w1ll gradually penetrate the metal along a walls.

Specification of Letters ifatirt. P t t N0 23, 1920 Application filed April 16, 1919. Serial No. 290,509.

sion of live steam, e. the layers nearest to layers lose less until a certaln depth is reached at which no change in temperature takes place. It

gradually progressing line, until the greatest depth 111 the cylinder wall reached when it will again gradually recede or decrease. The metal beyond the highest point of this curvewill remain at constant temperature.

@The metal near the surface of clearance space, afterbemg cooled, comes again in contact with live steam which is lowered in temperature and forms a thin layer of water on the surface, then the whole process is repeated over as described before.

S1nce reevaporation mostlyoccurs during expansion and exhaust, the newly produced steam leaves the cylinder not only without dolng may useful work but in fact causes harm by taking away considerable amount of heat'for its formation from the cylinder It will furthermore be clear. that the temperature changes in the metal near the surface of the clearance space will become slower at a rate proportional to the increasein distance between said clearance space and the metal of constant temperature, and these changes will require agreater amount ofheat tobe taken from the live steam and consequently will lead to a greater steam consumption.

. My invention aims at reduction of waste of steam in piston steam engines by means of a device, described below which reduces the thickness of metal at the surface of clearance-spacewhich comes in contact with steam inside the cylinderythereby producing the following results- 1. Rapid giving off or taking on by the shell of thedevice of the changeable temu perature of steam in cylinder.

2. Reduction of condensation of steam during admission and at the beginning of expansion. l

3. Decrease of rate ofreevaporation.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a longitudi nal sectional view taken through the center of a conventional type of engine cylinder, and indicating the application of the invention, showing the attachment of the invention to the cylinder heads and piston faces,

the piston and non-conducing disks carried thereby being in elevation.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary face view of the non-conducting disk removed.

Fig.3 .is a transverse sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 2.'

Fig. 4: iS afragmentary transverse sectional view showing a modified form of construction, and

Flg. 5 1s a llke view showing a further modification.

' Referring to the drawings, the numeral 4 10, designates a conventional type of rec1proeating, steam engine cylinder, the same containing a piston 11, provided with packing rings 12, and having a piston rod 14:, held in the position by the nut 15.

Formed with the cylinder 10 is a steam chest 16, in which an ordinary type of slide valve is adapted'to operate, the same controlling the inlet or outlet of steam through the ports 17 and 18 respectively. Secured to'the rear end ofthe cylinder 10 is therear ,cylinder head 20, a front head 22 being rigidly engaged at the front of the cylinder,

the piston'rod 14: passing therethrough and through the usual packing 21 held by gland 23, all of the several parts being of the usual type of. construction.

The invention consists in applying to the inner faces of each of the cylinder heads,

and to the outer faces of both piston sides a lining or padding adapted to reduce con- ".densation' on the interior surfaces of the cylinder in the clearance spaces during the admisslon of steam into the cylinder.

- In order to accomplish this result, an annular sheet or plate 25 of relativelythin metal'is used as the base or foundation, a

similar plate 26, together with it forming a casing,secured at. its marginal edges by a 1 ring 27 having an inward annular flange '28 a. plurality of openings 29 being formed in the-flange 28 and the edges of the plates 25 and 26 for the reception of screws, or like securingmeans, by which thedevice is secured 'to the head of the cylinder'or to the piston.

These two plates 25 and 26 at the front -head are further held together at their center by another smaller ring 30 having an outwardly flanged portion 31, similar openings,32 being formed in saidflanged portion and inthe portions of-the plates surrounding the piston P06911501 the'piston rod nut (on the; piston side).

The plates are further secured together by rivets 33 at spaced intervals, in a circular row between the rings 27 and 30, while interposed in the same or another row are tubular elements 35, their central openings permitting the passage of steam direct from theiinteriorof the cylinder to the surface ofcylinder heador piston to act to equalize the pressure" on both sides of device.

It will be clear that the tubular elements being of a very limited cross-section will only serve to prevent the accumulation of steam behind the plates and on account of the insignificant volume of the steam will in no ,way interfere with the insulation of the head, as it will not increase the heat of the steam in front of said head perceptibly.

Inclosed in the space between the plates 25 and 26, is any preferred non-conducting material, fibrous or otherwise, such as asbestos, magnesia, or the like.

In Fig. 4 is shown a construction suitable for use when a non-conducting material is applied such as material which can not sus- 113L111 long enough, the temperature of the steam withoutbeing destroyed or changing of their quahty (such as paper, cotton, wood and the like.) In such cases the non-conducting material is held between the sheets 25' and 26' of heat or fire resisting substance while the outer casing of thm metal '25 and 26 serves for the same purpose as in Fig. 3. The construction differs from that shown in Fig. 3, by the omission of the tubular rivets 35.

The construction of the modification as shown in Fig. 5 is substantially similar to those of Figs. 3 and 4 except that instead of equalizing tubular elements (see 35 in Fig.

3) the packing sheets or plates 28 are used,

"the joint being formed centrally of the disk sheet from the metal of cylinder and piston and that all together produce the following resultsapMinimizingthe depth of the layer of metal of constant temperature by making it'equal to thickness of thin metal sheet of the device.

6. Minimizingthe difference between the temperature of the device and the temperature of the steam.

0. Decreasing rate of change in temperature between the outer thin metal casing of :device' and the steam.

Having thus des ribed my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A cylinder head or piston covering. comprising a thin fiat metallic plate, a second plate spaced therefrom, means for uniting said plates together, means for securing said plates to the inner surface of a cylinder head or piston, a filling oi non-conducting material disposed between said plates, and a plurality oi": tubular rivets extending between said plates, the openingin said rivets permitting the passage of steam through said covering.

2. In a cover for a cylinder head or piston, the combination with a thin metallic plate suited to make contact with the head of a cylinder or piston of one or more similar plates spaced from the first named plate, clamp rivets extending between said plates whereby they are bound together, tubular rivets extending between plates, permitting the passage of steam, a flanged ring circunij acent to the marginal edges of said plates, and means for securing said plates to'the head or piston of a cylinder.

8. In a cylinder lining, the combination with the head of a cylinder, of two or more relatively thin metallic plates secured to said head, said plates having a spaced opening therebetween, open tubular rivets connecting between said plates, and a flanged ring circumjacent to said plates, said ring having openings through which fastening means may be secured.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature.

VSEVOLOD N. STANKOFF. 

